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Gardening Basics

Plant Food Basics

Learn about how plant food can help you get the most from your garden, including a big harvest.

Just like people, plants need to eat in order to thrive. While many high quality bagged soils, such as Miracle-Gro® All Purpose Garden Soil and Miracle-Gro® Potting Mix, contain plenty of food to give plants a good start, many plants (especially heavy feeders like tomatoes and dahlias) need more as the season wears on. That doesn't mean the soil's not important—it is! In fact, the power combo of premium soil and just the right plant food is key to your garden's best growth. But as plants get bigger and continue to feed, the nutrition in the soil eventually becomes depleted and needs to be replaced. That's when it's time to feed your plants with plant food, also known as fertilizer.

It's All About the Nutrients

Plant food delivers three main nutrients to plants:

  • Nitrogen (N)-helps fuel growth
  • Phosphorus (P)-promotes root development, increases blooms, and helps gets plants off to a strong start
  • Potassium (K)-essential to overall plant health; helps plants fight off diseases and withstand stressful growing conditions (like drought and heat)

These three key nutrients appear somewhere on every plant food package as a series of numbers, such as the 12-4-8 found on Miracle-Gro® Shake 'N Feed® All Purpose Plant Food. The first number, 12, refers to the percentage, by weight, of nitrogen (N) in the plant food. The second number, 4, refers to the percentage of phosphorus (P), and the last number, 8, refers to the percentage of potassium (K).

Plants also benefit from other nutrients, such as calcium and magnesium, which are included in many plant foods. If you look on the back of any fertilizer package, you'll see a list of all the nutrients it contains.

Types of Plant Food

Shake N Feed on Flowers

Plant food typically comes in three different forms: continuous release, liquid, and water soluble powders. Continuous release plant food, like Miracle-Gro® Shake 'N Feed® All Purpose Plant Food, usually comes in granular form, and the nutrients are released slowly over time. Mix this type of fertilizer directly into the soil surrounding the plant. Details on when and how much to apply are spelled out clearly on the label.

Using Water Soluble Plant Food

With liquid and water soluble fertilizers, the feeding happens when you water. Miracle-Gro® Water Soluble All Purpose Plant Food, for example, can either be added to the water in a watering can, or delivered through your garden hose. Miracle-Gro® Liquafeed® Universal Feeder attaches directly to the spigot, while Miracle-Gro® Garden Feeder attaches to your hose. These kinds of plant food needs to be applied more often than continuous release plant food, but the nutrients also reach plants far more quickly.

Feed Your Plants in Summer? Yes!

While some folks believe that you shouldn’t fertilize the garden in summertime, the opposite is actually true. After all, that’s when plants are growing most vigorously—think of them as ravenous teenagers. That doesn’t mean you should give them more food than the label says (that’s never a good idea), but it does mean that you’ll want to stick with a regular feeding schedule to make sure your plants are getting enough to eat.

No matter what kind of plant food you choose or what time of year you're feeding, be sure to follow the directions on the label for the best results. Do that and your plants will never go hungry!

Water Soluble All Purpose Plant Food
Miracle-Gro® Water Soluble All Purpose Plant Food
More, beautiful flowers and bigger, bountiful vegetables. Starts to work instantly for quick results.
Learn More
All Purpose Plant Food
Miracle-Gro® Shake 'n Feed® All Purpose Plant Food
For Bigger, More Beautiful Flowers and More Bountiful Vegetables! Use anywhere- In Ground and In Containers. Feeds for up to 3 months!
Learn More
Miracle-Gro® LiquaFeed® Bloom Booster® Flower Food Refill Bottles
Miracle-Gro® LiquaFeed® Bloom Booster Flower Food promotes more blooms for greater color compared to unfed plants. Feeding is as easy as watering.
Learn More
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Main navigation (US)

  • Products

    • Soils and Amendments

    • Plant Food and Care

    • Aerogarden

    • Seeds

    • Garden Tools

    • Miracle-Gro® Twelve™

  • Learn and Grow

    • Container Gardening

    • Raised Bed Gardening

    • Community Gardening

    • Edible Gardening

    • Flowers & Landscaping

    • Fruit, Vegetable & Herb

    • Garden Planning

    • Gardening Basics

    • Indoor Gardening

    • Rose & Flower Gardening

    • Garden Recipes

    • Small Space Gardening

    • Trees, Shrubs & Landscaping

    • Water Friendly Gardening

    • What's in our potting mix?

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